UNIT
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TOPIC NAME
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Food
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Plant and animal breeding and selection for quality improvement.
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Use of fertilizers, manures.
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Protection from pests and diseases; organic farming.
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Materials
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Matter: All things occupy space, possess mass. Definition of matter, characteristics of solids, liquids and gases e.g. shape, volume, density. Change of state: freezing, melting, evaporation, condensation, sublimation. Cooling by evaporation. Absorption of heat.
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Elements, mixtures and Compounds: elements, compounds and mixtures as types of chemical substances. Types of mixtures; Heterogeneous, homogeneous, colloids, suspensions.
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Combination of substances: Law of constant proportion, atomic and molecular masses. Particle nature, basic units: Atoms and Molecules.
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Mole Concept: Relationship of mole to mass of the particles and numbers.Valency. Chemical formulae of common compounds.
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Atomic Structure: Electrons, protons and neutrons. Atomic number and atomic mass number. Isotopes and Isobars.
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The World of the Living
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Biological Diversity
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Diversity of plants and animals: Basic issues in scientific naming. Basis of classification, Hierarchy of categories/ groups. Plant classification: Major Plant groups (salient features): Bacteria, Thalophyta, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, gymnosperms and Angiosperms. Animal Classification : Major groups of animals (salient features): NonChordates up to phyla and non chordates up to classes.
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Smallest living unit of Life, Cell : Cell as a basic unit of life prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, multicellular organisms;cell membrane and cell wall, cell organelles, chloroplast, mitochondria, vacuoles, ER, Golgli apparatus. Nucleus, chromosomes, basic structure, number.Tissues, organs, organ system, organism Structure and functions of animal and plant tissues. (four types in animals;meristematic and permanent tissues in plants).
2. Health
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Failure of health leading to disease.
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Disease and its causes.
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Diseases caused by microbes and their prevention: Typhoid, diarrhoea, malaria,hepatitis, rabies, AIDS, TB, Polio.
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Pulse Polio program
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Exchange of substances by living organisms with the external world: Diffusion/exchange of substances between cells and their environment and between the cell themselves in the living system; role in nutrition, water and food transport, excretion, gaseous exchange.
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Moving Things. People and ideas. Motion.
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Motion: displacement, velocity, Uniform and non-uniform motion along a straight line,acceleration, distance-time and velocity-time graphs for motion and uniformly accelerated motion. Equations of motion by graphical method . Elementary idea of uniform circular motion.
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Force and Newton's Laws : Force and Motion; Newton's Laws of Motion. Inertia of a.body, inertia and mass, momentum, force and acceleration.
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Elementary idea of conservation of momentum, action and reaction forces.
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Gravitation: gravitation, universal law of gravitation, force of gravitation of theearth (earth's gravity), acceleration due to gravity, mass and weight, free fall .
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Work, Energy and Power: work done by a force, energy, power. Kinetic and Potential energy, Law of conservation of energy.
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Floating Bodies: Thrust and Pressure, Archimedes' Principle, Buoyancy. Idea of relative density.
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Sound; Nature of sound and its propagation through different media, speed of sound, range of hearing in humans; ultrasound; reflection of sound; echo and SONAR Structure of the Human Ear. (Auditory aspect).
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Natural Resources - Understanding Ecosystem -
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Types of ecosystem - forest, grassland, desert, aquatic, costal, marine
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Interaction between biotic and abiotic factors in an eco-system
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Energy flow and its importance. Cycles of nutrients in terrestrial and aquatic
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(fresh water and marine) ecosystems, nature's mechanism in maintaining balance.
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Waste Generation and Management
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Sources of waste - domestic, industrial, agricultural and commercial
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Classification of waste : biodegradable non biodegradable, toxic, non- toxic biomedical.
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Impact of waste accumulation - Spoilage of landscape, pollution, health hazards, effect on terrestrial and aquatic (fresh water and marine) life.
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Need for management of waste.
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Methods of safe disposal of waste segregation, dumping, composting, drainage, treatment of effluents before discharge, incineration, use of scrubbers and electrostatic precipitators.
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Need for reducing, reusing and recycling waste.
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Legal provisions for handling and management of waste.
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